Typically, an efficient and functional immune system is the body’s defenses against unfavorable and disease-causing foreign substances such as pathogens. However, is unhealthy diet associated with occurrence of autoimmune diseases? How will autoimmunity influence an individual’s immune response? Let’s find out!
Autoimmunity is a process in which the body generates an immune response adverse to its own healthy cells, tissues and organs. This transpires when the component of adaptive or acquired immune response, specifically T cells and B cells, unintentionally identify its own antigen then ultimately recognize a chronic inflammatory process which deranges typical role of select organ. This can result to weakened body system, or worse, a life-threatening condition.
Out of more 90 existing autoimmune diseases, the four most common types are to be explained further:
- Type 1 Diabetes -Individuals with this condition have pancreas that cannot produce its own insulin since its immune system invades and ruins beta cells, an insulin-producing cell located at pancreatic islets.
- Multiple Sclerosis- Individuals with this condition have damaged myelin sheath because immune system destroys the myelin sheath, an insulating later made of protein and fatty substances allowing electrical impulses to mediate rapidly.
- Lupus- Individuals with this chronic condition have an immune system turned into being hyperactive affecting the skin, joints and internal organs such as heart and kidney. Its known types are Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Discoid lupus, Drug-induced lupus and Neonatal lupus.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis - Individuals with this condition have an immune system that initially attacks healthy cells then resulting to joint pain and swelling on limbs – hands and feet.
To treat gut inflammation and to reduce symptoms of those with autoimmune diseases, an Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) diet should be observed. It is an elimination diet limiting consumption foods that trigger onset of symptoms such meats, organ meats, select fruits and vegetables, seafood and fermented foods while restricting as grains, eggs, dairy and dairy products, nuts, seeds, legumes, dark-colored vegetables like eggplant and tomatoes, refined sugar, food additives and processed vegetable oils. As such, elimination followed by gradual reintroduction of foods is advised.
Omega 3-fatty acids – eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contribute to management of autoimmune diseases due to its anti-inflammatory property. This substance is rich in fatty fishes like salmon, tuna, herring and sardines, plant oils, seeds and nuts.
Poor antioxidant activities were seen in those with autoimmune diseases. With this, it is suggested to increase consumption of antioxidant-rich foods such as onions, grapes, mangoes, carrots, and nuts to reduce oxidative stress, free radical activity and risk to autoimmune diseases.
Although the link between individuals with autoimmune diseases (except Type 1 Diabetes) and COVID-19 are still undetermined, investing on healthy diet and active lifestyle is a must. Meals should be composed of various food items from all food groups to attain the recommended energy and nutrient intakes necessary for optimal health.
(NKSLoyola)
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