Basically, adaptogens are botanical pharmaceuticals. They work to counteract the effects of stress on the body, according to Chaunie Brusie. Stress causes real physical changes in the body, including damage to the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Adaptogens have stimulant properties that help to offset the negative effects. Furthermore, adaptogens were first developed and studied during WWII, when scientists were looking for a way to help healthy pilots work at higher levels. They were essentially looking for a "superhero" pill that would allow the pilots to fly better, faster, and for longer periods of time. They believed they had discovered it in the form of adaptogens.
How do adaptogens function? According to Chaunie Brusie, adaptogens regulate a stable balance in the hypothalamic, pituitary, and adrenal glands at the molecular level. These play a role in the stress response. They work by "hacking" the body's stress response. When we are stressed, our bodies typically go through three stages: the stress alarm phase, the resistance phase, and the exhaustion phase. When we are exposed to a stressor, such as starting to lift weights, our bodies respond by releasing hormones such as adrenaline, which improve muscle performance and increase our ability to concentrate and pay attention to the task at hand during the resistance phase. Our bodies are literally resisting the stressor, so we feel energized and clearer as a result of our bodies providing us with a boost.
Animals and isolated neuronal cells have both been studied for adaptogens. Alexander Panossian and Georg Wikman discovered that they have neuroprotective elements, anti-fatigue properties, anti-depressive effects, and stimulants for the central nervous system. They can also boost mental work capacity, improve attention, and help to prevent stress and fatigue. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Siberian ginseng), Rhodiola rosea (Arctic root), and Schisandra chinensis have all been studied and found to be both safe and nontoxic. Siberian ginseng is an herb, not ginseng, but it works in a similar way. According to one study, it may help prevent fatigue, depression, and stress. Artic root, also known as "rose root," grows in cold climates in Asia and Europe. It's a traditional herb used to treat minor health issues like headaches and flu in Russia and Scandinavia. Lastly, Schisandra, an herb, promotes liver health and blood sugar stability while also acting as an adaptogen.
Adaptogens, according to Chaunie Brusie, are helpful in reducing symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion and may be most beneficial when used alongside other therapies for people with chronic and acute medical conditions. While adaptogens have some health benefits, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not monitor the quality or purity of herbs and supplements as it does with over-the-counter products. Before using adaptogens, it is best to always consult your doctor.
DMO II Marie-Claire Gaas, RND
References:
1. Adaptogenic Herbs: List, Effectiveness, and Health Benefits
Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT — By Chaunie Brusie — Updated on June 29, 2017
https://www.healthline.com/health/adaptogenic-herbs
2. Effects of Adaptogens on the Central Nervous System and the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Their Stress—Protective Activity
Alexander Panossian and Georg Wikman
