The pigmentation or color of your skin, is determined by the production of a substance known as melanin. According to Kristeen Cherney of Healthline, Hypopigmentation refers to the patches of skin that are lighter than your overall skin tone. Skin can lighten if your skin cells do not produce enough melanin. This condition can appear in isolated areas or cover your entire body. Melanin disruption can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors.
So, what exactly causes hypopigmentation? Melanin production issues are caused by a variety of factors. Some are genetic conditions that can cause lighter skin all over the body. Others are the result of previous injuries, such as burns. It is also possible for hypopigmentation caused by an injury to progress to an associated condition. Albinism, Vitiligo, Pityriasis alba, Tinea versicolor, and Lichen sclerosus are some of the most common conditions. Albinism is a rare inherited disorder, according to MaryAnn De Pietro of Medical News Today. The National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation stated that approximately one in every 20,000 people in the United States has some form of albinism. On the other hand, vitiligo causes smooth, white patches of skin to appear on the body as a whole or in specific areas, such as the arms or face. The precise cause of vitiligo is unknown, but researchers believe it is caused by an autoimmune disease that damages the cells that produce melanin. Pityriasis alba is most common in children with dark skin and is characterized by white, slightly raised patches on the face. The cause of pityriasis alba is unknown, but it is thought to be related to eczema.
How is this condition diagnosed by doctors? According to Kristeen Cherney, your doctor will make a diagnosis based on the results of a physical exam and information about your family history. During your physical, your doctor will examine all areas of skin and make a note of any areas with lighter pigmentation than others. They will also keep track of any suspicious-looking moles or other areas of concern. In some cases, your doctor may recommend a biopsy. MaryAnn De Pietro emphasized that the treatment for hypopigmentation is dependent on the cause. Many people choose not to treat hypopigmentation if this will not cause any discomfort. Albinism cannot be cured. People with albinism, on the other hand, are at a higher risk of developing skin cancer. They should avoid excessive sun exposure and always wear sunscreen. People with albinism are more likely to have vision problems, so they should wear sunglasses and a wide-brimmed hat when necessary. Treatment may not be required in other cases. People who develop hypopigmentation because of an injury, for example, may find that their skin returns to its normal color over time without treatment.
The bottom line is that hypopigmentation does not shorten one's life. However, health professionals strongly advise that a person with albinism take precautions to protect their skin and eyes from sun damage; however, they can still live a normal and healthy life. Although hypopigmentation is not fatal, it can be life-changing and cause emotional issues such as low self-confidence and self-esteem. Education, peer support, and knowledge of treatment options can all help to reduce social and emotional concerns while improving overall outcomes.
ZDS DMO II Marie-Claire Gaas, RND
References:
1. What Causes Hypopigmentation, and How Is It Treated?
Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M.D. — Written by Kristeen Cherney — Updated on September 29, 2018
https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-disorders/hypopigmentation#:~:text=Hypopigmentation%20refers%20to%20patches%20of,may%20cover%20your%20entire%20body.
2. What is hypopigmentation?
Medically reviewed by Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI — Written by MaryAnn De Pietro, CRT on December 4, 2017
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320243
