Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer that begins in cells called melanocytes, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation. Although less common than basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), this skin cancer is more dangerous because it can spread to other organs more quickly if not treated early. The exact cause of all melanomas is unknown, according to the Mayo Clinic, but exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning lamps and beds increases your risk of developing melanoma. Limiting your exposure to UV radiation may help lower your risk of developing melanoma. Melanoma risk appears to be rising in people under the age of 40, particularly among women. Knowing the warning signs of skin cancer can aid in detecting and treating cancerous changes before they spread. Melanoma can be successfully treated if detected early.
What exactly is a melanocyte? Melanocytes are skin cells found in the epidermis. According to the Skin Cancer Foundation, they produce melanin, a pigment that gives skin its color. What is the appearance of melanoma? Melanomas come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. That is why providing a comprehensive set of warning signs is difficult. Melanoma can develop anywhere in your body, according to the Mayo Clinic. They most commonly appear in sun-exposed areas, such as your back, legs, arms, and face. Melanomas can also develop in areas that are rarely exposed to sunlight, such as the soles of your feet, palms of your hands, and fingernail beds. People with darker skin are more likely to have these hidden melanomas. The first signs and symptoms of melanoma are frequent changes in an existing mole and the appearance of a new pigmented or unusual-looking growth on your skin. Melanoma does not always start out as a mole. It can also appear on otherwise normal-looking skin.
The Skin Cancer Foundation stated that these factors increase your melanoma risk:
- Unprotected or excessive UV exposure from the sun or indoor tanning.
- Weakened immune system due to a medical condition or medications.
- Many moles: The more moles you have on your body, the higher your risk for melanoma.
- Fair skin: Melanoma occurs more frequently in people with fair skin, light eyes and light or red hair.
- Skin cancer history: People who have already had melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancers run a greater risk of developing melanoma in the future.
- Genetics: Melanoma can run in families – one in every 10 patients has a family member who also has had the disease.
While melanoma is one of the most dangerous forms of skin cancer, promising new treatment options are improving quality of life and increasing survival rates for patients with advanced melanoma. If you’ve been diagnosed, your treatment choices depend on the stage of the disease, the location of the tumor, and your overall health. Options include:
The Skin Cancer Foundation suggests that it is best to ask your doctor to clearly explain the options that might work best for you, including details about the benefits and risks.
ZDS DMO II Marie-Claire Gaas, RND
References:
1. Melanoma Overview
Skin Cancer Foundation
https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/melanoma/
2. Melanoma
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/melanoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20374884#:~:text=Melanoma%2C%20the%20most%20serious%20type,in%20your%20nose%20or%20throat.
