The World Health Organization says that iodine deficiency is the world’s most prevalent, yet easily preventable, cause of brain damage. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) which includes goiter, are considered a public health concern. IDD can start even before birth and has great potential to jeopardize the mental health of children, and even threaten their survival. Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy can result in stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, and congenital abnormalities. However, a less visible yet pervasive effect of IDD is mental impairment that reduces intellectual capacity at home, in school and at work.
Goiter is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, where the neck appears to be swelling. According to the Department of Health, the signs and symptoms of goiter can be varied and may include fatigue, change in weight (weight loss or weight gain), low or increased appetite, depression, sleepiness, dryness of skin and hair, constipation, and even menstrual irregularities for women. DOH advised that people who experience the aforementioned symptoms should seek professional help immediately.
The Iodine Global Network reveals that 90% of goiter cases the world over is due to lack of iodine in the body.
Iodine is a micronutrient which is mainly involved in the production of thyroid hormones that regulates various metabolic processes, particularly those involved in energy expenditure. It also plays a crucial role in normal cognitive and physical development.
Good dietary sources of iodine include seafood, specifically seaweeds, squid, lobster, tuna, shrimps and saltwater fish; and dairy products such as milk, eggs, cheese and yoghurt.
But did you know that the cheapest source of iodine is iodized salt?
The initiative to fortify salt with iodine was a directive of Republic Act 8172 also known as “An Act for Salt Iodization Nationwide (ASIN)”, which mandates that salt for human and animal consumption must be added with iodine.
Kumainment #7 of the 10 Kumainments also encourages the use of iodized salt to prevent iodine disorders.
In buying iodized salt in the market, one must check the label for the “Saktong Iodine sa Asin Seal” or SISA. This campaign urges to use not just any salt that is marked as iodized, but adequately iodized salt. Iodine is a volatile element, thus, iodized salt should be stored in a closed container and away from heat and sunlight.
When preparing and cooking meals, iodized salt should be added at the final stage of cooking to prevent iodine loss due to evaporation.
While the use of iodized salt is encouraged, WHO also reminds the public to limit daily salt intake to less than 5 grams, which is equal to 1 teaspoon of iodized salt to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
Pregnant women, among all the population groups, should make efforts in ensuring adequate consumption of iodine. During the first two trimesters, brain development happens to the baby. With inadequate iodine during pregnancy, the baby’s brain will not develop fully, and its effect is permanent.
To raise public awareness on the prevention and control of goiter and other IDDs, Presidential Proclamation No.1188 was signed on 11 December 2006 declaring that Goiter Awareness Week (GAW) will be observed every 4th week of January.
Prevent iodine deficiency disorders, prevent goiter! Say yes to adequate consumption of iodine! (NO II Sheena Marie G. Talle)
